R Operators
Operators
Arithmetic Operators: These unary and binary operators perform arithmetic on numeric or complex vectors
CODE/PROGRAM/EXAMPLE
x <- 48
y <- 7
x + y #Addition
[1] 55
x - y #Substraction
[1] 41
x * y #Multiplication
[1] 336
x / y #Division
[1] 6.857143
x %% y #Modulus
[1] 6
x %/% y #Integer Division
[1] 6
x ^ y #Exponent
[1] 58706342272
a <- 1:5
b <- 6:10
a
[1] 1 2 3 4 5
b
[1] 6 7 8 9 10
a + b
[1] 7 9 11 13 15
c <- c(1,4)
a + c
[1] 2 6 4 8 6
Warning message:
In a + c : longer object length is not a multiple of shorter object length
If two vectors are of unequal length, the shorter one will be recycled, in order to match the longer vector
Logical Operators: R's binary and logical operators will look very familiar to programmers. But, we must note that binary operators work on vectors, matrices as well as scalars.
CODE/PROGRAM/EXAMPLE
# Logical Operators
a <- c(TRUE, FALSE, 0, 12)
b <- c(FALSE, TRUE, FALSE, TRUE)
!a #Logical Not
[1] FALSE TRUE TRUE FALSE
a & b #Element wise Logical AND
[1] FALSE FALSE FALSE TRUE
a && b #Logical AND
[1] FALSE
a | b #Element wise Logical OR
[1] TRUE TRUE FALSE TRUE
a || b #Logical OR
[1] TRUE
Assignment Operators
Assignment Operators: Assign a value to a name. There are three different assignment operators, two of them have leftward and rightward forms.
CODE/PROGRAM/EXAMPLE
#Assignment Operators
A <- 12 #Leftward Assignment
print(A)
[1] 12
A1 <<- 10 #Leftward Assignment
print(A1)
[1] 10
A2 = 43 #Leftward Assignment
A2 #Instead of print(A2), we can just say A2
[1] 43
-123 -> B #Rightward Assignment
print(B)
[1] -123
25 ->> B1 #Rightward Assignment
B1
[1] 25
Relational Operators
Relational Operators: These are the binary operators which allow the comparison of values in vectors
CODE/PROGRAM/EXAMPLE
#Relational Operators
x <- 48
y <- 7
x < y #Less Than
[1] FALSE
x > y #Greater Than
[1] TRUE
x <= 50 #Less Than or Equal to
[1] TRUE
y >= 32 #Greater Than or Equal to
[1] FALSE
x == y #Equal to
[1] FALSE
x != y #Not Equal to
[1] TRUE
