Operator In Java

Operator :

Java carries a broad range of operators. An operator is symbols that specify operation to be performed may be certain mathematical and logical operation. Operators are used in programs to operate data and variables. They frequently form a part of mathematical or logical expressions.

Categories of operators are as follows :

• Arithmetic operators

• Logical operators

• Relational operators

• Assignment operators

• Conditional operators

• Increment and decrement operators

• Bit wise operators

Arithmetic operators :

Arithmetic operators are used to make mathematical expressions and the working out as same in algebra. Java provides the fundamental arithmetic operators. These can operate on built in data type of Java.

Following table shows the details of operators.

Now the following programs show the use of arithmetic operators.

In this program, we have to add two integer numbers and display the result.

class AdditionInt
{
public static void main (String args[])
{
int a = 6;
int b = 3;
System.out.println("a = " + a);
System.out.println("b =" + b);
int c = a + b;
System.out.println("Addition = " + c);
}
}

// O/P : a= 6
b= 3
Addition=9

class SubstractionInt
{
public static void main (String args[])
{
int a = 6;
int b = 3;
System.out.println("a = " + a);
System.out.println("b =" + b);
int c = a - b;
System.out.println("Subtraction= " + c);
}}

// O/P : a=6
b=3
Subtraction=3

Class MultiplicationInt
{
public static void main (String args[])
{
int a = 6;
int b = 3;
System.out.println("a = " + a);
System.out.println("b =" + b);
int c = a * b;
System.out.println("Multiplication= " + c);
}}

// O/P : a=6
b=3
Multiplication=18

Class DivisionInt
{
public static void main (String args[])
{
int a = 6;
int b = 3;
System.out.println("a = " + a);
System.out.println("b =" + b);
c = a / b;
System.out.println("division=" + c);
}}

// O/P: a=6
b=3
Division=3

Class Remainderoptr
{
public static void main (String args[])
{
int a = 6;
int b = 3;
System.out.println("a = " + a);
System.out.println("b =" + b);
c = a % b;
System.out.println("remainder=" + c);
}
}

// O/P : a=6
b=3
Remainder= 0

• When both operands in the expression are integers then the expression is called Integer expression and the opration is called Integer arithmetic.

• When both operands in the expression are real then the expression is called Real expression and the opration is called Real arithmetic.

• When one operand in the expression is integer and other is float then the expression is called Mixed Mode Arithmetic expression and the opration is called Mixed Mode Arithmetic operation.

As we learn the Arithmetic operation on integer data and store data in integer variable. But the following program shows the use of operators with integer data and store data in float variable.

Program : write a program to calculate average of three numbers.

class Avg1
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
int a=3;
int b=3;
int c=4;
int avg;
avg=a+b+c;
avg=avg/3;
System.out.println(“Avg of three numbers=”+avg);
}
}

// O/P : Avg of three numbers=3

Logical operators :

When we want to form compound conditions by combining two or more relations, then we can use logical operators. Following table shows the details of operators.

The logical expression defer a value of true or false. Following table shows the truth table of Logical – OR and Logical – AND.

Truth table for Logical – OR operator :

class LogicalOptr
{
public static void main (String args[])
{
boolean a = true;
boolean b = false;
System.out.println("a||b = " +(a||b));
System.out.println("a&&b = "+(a&&b));
System.out.println("a! = "+(!a));
}
}

// O/P : a||b = true
a&&b = false
a! = false

Now, following examples show the actual use of operators.

• If 10 > 30 then result is false

• If 40 > 17 then result is true

• If 10 >= 300 then result is false

• If 10 <= 10 then result is true

Now the following program shows the use of operators. (1) Program 1:

class Reloptr1
{
public static void main (String args[])
{
int a = 10;
int b = 30;
System.out.println("a>b = " +(a>b));
System.out.println("a<b = "+(a<b));
System.out.println("a<=b = "+(a<=b));
}
}

// O/P : a>b = false
a<b = true
a<=b = true

(2) Program 3

class Reloptr3
{
public static void main (String args[])
{
int a = 10;
int b = 30;
int c = 30;
System.out.println("a>b = " +(a>b));
System.out.println("a<b = "+(a<b));
System.out.println("a<=c = "+(a<=c));
System.out.println("c>b = " +(c>b));
System.out.println("a<c = "+(a<c));
System.out.println("b<=c = "+(b<=c));
}
}

// O/P : a>b = false
a<b = true
a<=c = true
c>b = true
a<c = true
b<=c = true

Assignment Operators :

Assignment Operators is used to assign the value of an expression to a variable and is also called as Shorthand operators.

Variable_name binary_operator = expression

Following table show the use of assignment operators.

These operators avoid repetition, easier to read and write.

Now the following program shows the use of operators.

class Assoptr
{
public static void main (String args[])
{
int a = 10;
int b = 30;
int c = 30;
a+=1;
b-=3;
c*=7;
System.out.println("a = " +a);
System.out.println("b = "+b);
System.out.println("c = "+c);
}
}

// O/P : a = 11
b = 18
c = 310

Conditional Operators :

The character pair ?: is a ternary operator of Java, which is used to construct conditional expressions of the following form:

Expression1 ? Expression3 : Expression3

The operator ? : works as follows:

Expression1 is evaluated if it is true then Expression3 is evaluated and becomes the value of the conditional expression. If Expression1 is false then Expression3 is evaluated and its value becomes the conditional expression.

For example : A=3;
B=4;
C=(AC=(3<4)?3:4;
C=4

Now the following program shows the use of operators.

class Coptr
{
public static void main (String args[])
{
int a = 10;
int b = 30;
int c;
c=(a>b)?a:b;
System.out.println("c = " +c);
c=(a<b)?a:b;
System.out.println("c = " +c);
}
}

// O/P : c = 30
c = 10

program3 : Write a program to check whether number is positive or negative.

class PosNeg
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
int a=10;
int flag=(a<0)?0:1;
if(flag==1)
System.out.println(“Number is positive”);
else
System.out.println(“Number is negative”);
}
}

// O/P : Number is positive

Increment and Decrement Operators :

The increment operator ++ adds 1 to a variable. Usually the variable is an integer type, but it can be a floating point type. The two plus signs must not be split by any character. Usually they are written immediately next to the variable.

Following table shows the use of operators.

Now the following program shows the use of operators.

class IncDecOp
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
int x=1;
int y=3;
int u;
int z;
u=++y;
z=x++;
System.out.println(x);
System.out.println(y);
System.out.println(u);
System.out.println(z);
}
}

// O/P : 3
4
4
1

Bit Wise Operators :

Bit wise operator execute single bit of their operands. Following table shows bit wise operator :

Now the following program shows the use of operators. (1) Program 1

class Boptr1
{
public static void main (String args[])
{
int a = 4;
int b = a<<3;
System.out.println("a = " +a);
System.out.println("b = " +b);
}
}

// OP : a =4
b =16

(2) Program 3

Class Boptr3
{
public static void main (String args[])
{
int a = 16;
int b = a>>3;
System.out.println("a = " +a);
System.out.println("b = " +b);
}
}

// O/P : a = 16

OPERATOR PRECEDENCE IN JAVA :

An arithmetic expression without any parentheses will be calculated from left to right using the rules of precedence of operators.

There are two priority levels of arithmetic operators are as follows:

• High priority (* / %)

• Low priority (+ -)

The evaluation process includes two left to right passes through the expression. During the first pass, the high priority operators are applied as they are encountered.

During the second pass, the low priority operators are applied as they are encountered.

For example :

Z=A-B/3+C*3-1
When A=10, B=13, C=3

First pass:
Z=10-(13/3) + (3*3)-1
Z=10-4+3-1

Second pass:
Z=6+3-1
Z=7
Answer is=7

Following table shows associativity of operators.